RESEARCH PAPER ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMID LATIN AMERICA EIGHT TO TEN PAGES sources listed at the bottomThe body of the paper (not including the title page, abstract, or references) should be 8-10 pages.  Reserve the use of direct quotes for the most significant information that it would be difficult to put into your own words and cite.  Do not use lengthy quotes (no quotes that are 40 or more words).Introduction: One paragraph where you introduce the paper. Do not use a heading for the introductory paragraph.  This goes below the paper title (centered and bold at the top of the first page of text, which will be p. 3). ½ pageKeep in mind, that each section below must be based on your research from journal articles (not blogs, newspaper articles, books, or book reviews).  There should be citations in each section of the body of your paper.  Do not use first person pronouns (I/we/me/my/myself, for example) as research papers are not based on opinion or personal perspective. While you can use our course textbook as an additional source, do not rely too heavily on it, as the majority of your paper should be based on current research from journal articles.Cultural AwarenessIn the first section, include recent research on the topic and culture.  Give recent statistics (prevalence rates, information on geographic or population clusters). Aim to include what is important for colleagues to know to best work with this population to meet the specific need you are researching. Some examples of information to explore here include: family dynamics (child-rearing practices, parental roles, obligations of children to parents, nature of relationships among family members, kinship bonds, gender roles, aging, extended family, clan, role of elders, tribal councils, etc.); political and economic concerns (poverty and income levels, value of education, unemployment, reservations/Bureau of Indian Affairs, immigration, etc.); communication (bilingualism, nonverbal/body language, personal space, problem-solving, silence, eye movement, music/dance/art as communication, concept of time).  3-4 pagesCounseling ApproachIn the second section, identify specific strategies and approaches to use with this population to address the needs explored in the previous section.  Have you ever gone to a conference where the presenter spent the entire time talking about what the problem was, and you thought to yourself, now what?  This section is just as important as the previous section.  Devote equal space to researching and explaining strategies, approaches, and methods for meeting the need.  Identify specific counseling therapies and techniques that you believe would work best with this population, explaining why and how you would use this approach.  Some examples of popular counseling therapies include existential therapy, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, rational emotive behavior-therapy, reality therapy, family systems theory, solution-focused therapy, narrative therapy, and creative arts therapies.  I encourage you to look for non-Western based counseling approaches to write about in this section or consider how you could adapt Western-based approaches.  You may want to search for culture AND counseling; for example, Latin Americans AND counseling. 3-4 pagesReligious and Spiritual ApplicationIn the final section, give biblical application to the topic you have been examining. Specifically examine counseling, life coaching, and/or human services from a faith-based approach.  For example, if your paper looked at substance abuse, explore research on faith-based programs, and discuss why this would be meaningful for the culture you are focusing on. Explore the unique beliefs, values, ways of thinking, and expressing faith, religion, and spirituality in the culture you are researching. What is typically viewed as the role of the church for this culture?  What is the common view of life after death?  1 pageConclusionEnd with a concise Conclusion paragraph where you summarize what you covered in the paper and include ideas for future research needed on this topic. ½ pageReferencesReferences: Begin on a new page.  Center (and bold) the References heading at the top of the page. You need at least 10 peer-reviewed journal articles dated within the past 5 years, in an alphabetized list. Every source that you include in the references should be cited in your paper.  Double-space.Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the SafeAssign plagiarism tool.THESE ARE THE SOURCES TO USE FOR THE RESEARCH .Alvarez J;Jason LA;Olson BD;Ferrari JR;Davis MI; (2018). Substance abuse prevalence and treatment among Latinos and Latinas. Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18192207/.The article allows readers to gain insight regarding the attributes of Latinos in the United States. There are several epidemiological surveys under review. These play a role in the current state of drug abuse today. It consists of a review administered since 2001 which expanded our information about the pervasiveness of substance abuse. It also causes disorders and simultaneous mental illnesses among Latinos. (Alvarez J;Jason LA;Olson BD;Ferrari JR;Davis MI;, 2018)Giacomello, C. (2017, September 5). Women and Drug Policies in Latin America: A Critical Review of the United Nations Resolution ‘Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective in Drug‐Related Policies and Programmes’. Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/hojo.12216.The influence of the major drug regulation mechanism has changed. This change pertains to the exposure of women engaged in both drug trade, and drug use. Global organizations and groups are creating a didactic about women interconnecting with these drugs, and the necessity of a gender viewpoint of drug policies. The articles contains experiences of detained women. It is claimed that organization & victimization cooperate against the stereotype of women as victims.Jiménez-Molina, Á., Franco, P., Martínez, V., Martínez, P., Rojas, G., & Araya, R. (2019, August 19). Internet-Based Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders in Latin America: A Scoping Review. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00664/full.In Latin America, particularly among socioeconomically vulnerable communities, thereis a large discrepancy in the provision of medical services. More specifically, the treatment of mental disorders. There is a remarkable difference in government mental healthcarecosts and the cost of disease associated with it.The journal discusses that an increase in technological advances and access to internet can help overcome the gap. It will allow for broadened, low-cost mental health care. (Jiménez-Molina et al., 2019)JPPD. Caulkins, A. M. S. K., SJ. Ferrando, Z. F., JD. Schulden, M. F. L., HA. Whiteford, L. D., K. Johnson, Z. P., F. Fiestas, J. P., … G. Melnick, G. D. L. (2017). Quality measurers of therapeutic communities for substance dependence: an international collaborative study survey in Latin America. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13011-017-0129-y.This journal discusses an interconnection between substances and disorders, which have become pervasive in Latin America.  Unfortunately, Latin America is in short supply regarding information about treatment strategies. A popularly discussed treatment strategy is Therapeutic Communities. There is effectiveness and positive feedback on said studies. A longitudinal study helped display a new form of positive treatment.López Daza, G. A., & Gómez García, C. F. (2017). The Legalization through Judicial Ways of the Consumption … Asian Journal of Social Science Studies. http://journal.julypress.com/index.php/ajsss/article/download/106/104.Mexico has been identified as one of the world’s major drug trafficking countries in Latin America and worldwide. The battle against drugs has created a real war and a relentless obstacle, asat least a reduction to this crisis has been pursued with constant laws and policies. In Mexico, narcotics regulation is laid down in the 1984 General Health Statute, the Act alsogoverns all else on drugs as laid down in the 1994 amendments to the Federal Penal Code. (López Daza & Gómez García, 2017) The governing of drugs continued with a code being enforced, August 21st 2009. This mandate lead to the very well-known “Drug trafficking act.”Lopez-Tamayo, R., Seda, A., & Jason, L. A. (2016, August). The Role of Familismo and Acculturation as Moderators of the Association Between Family Conflict and Substance Abuse on Latino Adult Males. Public health (Fairfax, Va.). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5354469/.This journal discusses the major research gaps between Latino adults who completed substance abuse treatment. Familismo is a latin cultural value. The  reasoning behind the study is to evaluate the moderating effect of familismo based on the social control theory. There are results shown in various forms of “three way” interaction. The cultural value will play a good role in furthering multicultural studies.Pacurucu‐Castillo, S. F., Ordóñez‐Mancheno, J. M., Hernández‐Cruz, A., & Alarcón, R. D. (2019). World Opioid and Substance Use Epidemic: A Latin American Perspective. Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice, 1(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.prcp.20180009The annual penetration rate of opioid users accounts for 0.6-0.8 of the global population, and the most common age range is 15 to 64 years old. Not long ago, the term “opioid” has been used to identify naturally occurring alkaloids, synthetics, etc. In 2017, there was a declaration of the opioid crisis. In Latin America, the use of certain drugs by women over the age of fourteen is widespread. An in-depth research will clearly show that there should be a way to prevent the opioid crisis.Telles, A. C. (2019). Mothers, Warriors and Lords: Gender(ed) Cartographies of the US War on Drugs in Latin America. Contexto Internacional, 41(1), 15–38. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2019410100002US rhetoric on the drug war perceptibly shifted to a hyper-masculinization of the image of the drug fighter of the United States. This employed as a result of moral deterioration of the social body of the country by the feminization of drug use. This feminization of drug use was antagonized by hyper-aggressive male depictions of drug cartels in Latin America. It was aided by a feminized figure of said drug warrior, who acts for the positive protectors of idealized femininity. (Telles, A. C. (2019).Troya, M. I., Bartlam, B., & Chew-Graham, C. A. (2018, May 28). Involving the public in health research in Latin America: making the case for mental health. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública. https://www.scielosp.org/article/rpsp/2018.v42/e45/.This journal discusses the lack of research in the mental health region.  It is said that the lack of the research in this mental health field has contributed to disease. It furthers into ways to encourage health services and research. “Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) has been increasingly encouraged in health services and research over the last two decades” (Troya et al., 2018) The concept had progressed and will be used in health research in Latin America.Vera San Juan, N. (1970, January 1). Defining and measuring personal recovery from ill mental health, with an emphasis on Latin America. British Library EThOS – Search and order theses online. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.810883.The substantial difference between the goal of mental health policies and programs to become treatment oriented and the lack of consumer methods of recovery and assessment instruments informs this initiative.The ultimate purpose of this journal is therefore to identify recovery and provide a framework inassessing recovery from a consumer and informal profession viewpoint, based on a community in Latin America. Between the carers and consumers, there are set recovery goals. The studies will show more progressive ways to discuss mental health. Factor analysis and item content evaluation suggested the measure represented the unidimensional construct of Individual Recovery proposed in Studies 1 and 2. (Vera San Juan, 1970)

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